The film is rooted in the heteronormative social structures of 19th-century Russia. There are no depictions of non-cisnormative identities or same-sex intimacy.

The narrative explores the psychological toll of social hierarchies on women like Yelena and Sonya. While the film passes the Bechdel test, female agency remains largely reactive to male protagonists.

Casting is intentionally homogeneous to reflect the historical reality of rural Russia. The film does not attempt to disrupt the era's racial norms through intersectional casting.

The film excels in critiquing established institutions and the landed intelligentsia. It presents a deconstruction of capitalist motivations and challenges meritocratic ideals through its characters' disillusionment.

Mental health is touched upon through themes of ennui and existential dread. However, these are treated as symptoms of social stagnation rather than specific, characterized disabilities.