The film lacks LGBTQ+ characters or non-heteronormative identities. The narrative focuses exclusively on the protagonist's obsessive, heteronormative fixation on a single female figure.

Gender is explored through dark intersections of power and predatory fixation. While it subverts traditional male leadership tropes, it does so through psychological decay rather than empowerment.

The urban landscape presents a multicultural, heterogeneous environment. Background casting reflects a diverse socioeconomic reality, though these characters often serve as atmospheric elements of urban decay.

The film offers a significant critique of Western institutional stability and moral relativism. It deconstructs the concept of the 'moral hero' through themes of systemic institutional decay.

Travis Bickle provides a harrowing portrayal of neurodivergence and mental health struggles. The narrative centers on his psychosis and insomnia without resorting to 'inspiration porn' tropes.