The film follows a traditional romantic framework centered on heteronormative dynamics. There is no explicit evidence of same-sex intimacy or non-cisnormative gender identities within this production.

Esmeralda provides a moderate level of agency as a marginalized figure. However, she often functions as a catalyst for male conflict rather than driving the systemic plot herself.

The inclusion of Esmeralda as a Romani character introduces an ethnic outsider element. This explores the tension between a marginalized group and the dominant Parisian social order.

The story critiques the cruelty of established Western institutions like the Church. It explores the friction between outsiders and the legal systems of medieval France.

Quasimodo’s physical disability is central to the narrative. While he possesses emotional depth, the film risks using his deformity primarily to evoke pathos through the tragic outsider trope.