The film lacks explicit LGBTQ+ characters or narratives. While it explores psychological complexity and repressed desire, it does not utilize specific identity markers to critique heteronormativity.

The Duchess serves as a high-agency protagonist who defies patriarchal mandates to exercise marital autonomy. The male antagonists deconstruct the archetype of stable leadership by embodying systemic dysfunction and cruelty.

Supporting roles feature a diverse ethnic cast, moving away from a purely homogeneous ensemble. However, central roles remain aligned with the historical European setting without utilizing race-bent casting.

The narrative critiques religious corruption by framing the Church as an instrument of oppression. It also highlights the predatory nature of class hierarchies between the aristocracy and the steward.

Themes of psychological trauma and madness drive the tragedy. However, these elements function more as plot devices for moral decay than as nuanced portrayals of lived neurodivergent experiences.