The film lacks explicit non-heteronormative identities or same-sex romantic pairings. While Frodo and Sam share a profound emotional intimacy, their bond remains within the bounds of traditional platonic brotherhood.

The narrative is heavily centered on patriarchal leadership, yet Éowyn provides a significant disruption. By adopting a masculine guise for combat, she challenges restrictive gender roles through her martial prowess and intellect.

The film uses fantasy species as a proxy for ethnic diversity. The alliance between Legolas and Gimli serves as a metaphor for overcoming ancestral prejudices to achieve a collective goal.

The story critiques industrial expansionism through the destruction of Isengard. However, it reinforces traditional institutions like kingship rather than portraying them as inherently oppressive or embracing moral relativism.

Representation is limited to Gollum, who serves as a study in psychological fragmentation and physical degradation. This character risks acting as a cautionary device rather than a portrayal of true agency.